The S0 catch-all
S0 covers pharmacological substances without current governmental approval for human therapeutic use that are not addressed elsewhere in the List. An absent name is not permission.
Peptides & hormones
Peptides & hormones.Reference & context.
I explain how training, nutrition and sleep relate to your hormonal picture. Clinical decisions belong to your physician. EVOX does not prescribe, recommend or source peptides, hormones or prescription compounds.
Molecule reference
Peptides, hormones &longevity molecules.
Records compiled in September and October 2026, each linked to its evidence and to the coaching boundary.
Find a name, read the evidence, then identify the coaching or clinical question. The headings organise knowledge; they do not promise an effect. Current anti-doping framework.
One search covers the peptide, hormone and longevity references below, including alternate names. Some listed molecules are not peptides. Tyr - hGH Fragment remains an underspecified identity; its link opens the identity note, not a confirmed equivalent.
198 linked records in 23 subjects.
Peptide references
Names and related molecules, grouped by biological subject. Open a name for its existing evidence and limitations. Links marked Clean-sport lead to the unlisted reference; inclusion is not a recommendation or clearance for sport.
Growth-hormone axis21 records
- CJC-1295 (DAC)Clean-sport reference
- Mod GRF 1–29Clean-sport reference
- SermorelinClean-sport reference
- IpamorelinClean-sport reference
- GHRP-2 (pralmorelin)GHRP family: see GHRP-2 and GHRP-6.Clean-sport reference
- GHRP-6Clean-sport reference
- HexarelinClean-sport reference
- MK-677 (ibutamoren)Clean-sport reference
- TesamorelinClean-sport reference
- HGH (somatropin)Clean-sport reference
- IGF-1 LR3Clean-sport reference
- AOD-9604Tyr - hGH Fragment (identity note; equivalence unconfirmed)Clean-sport reference
- CJC-1293Clean-sport reference
- Anamorelin and macimorelinClean-sport reference
- Other growth-hormone-releasing peptides and ghrelin mimeticsClean-sport reference
- hGH fragment 176–191Clean-sport reference
- Long-acting growth hormonesClean-sport reference
- Mecasermin (recombinant IGF-1)Clean-sport reference
- Mechano growth factor (MGF) and PEG-MGFClean-sport reference
- TRIIM thymus-regeneration protocolClean-sport reference
- Somatorelin (growth-hormone-releasing hormone)Clean-sport reference
Muscle and myostatin signalling4 records
- Follistatin and myostatin propeptideClean-sport reference
- ACE-031Clean-sport reference
- BimagrumabClean-sport reference
- Apitegromab and myostatin-neutralising antibodiesClean-sport reference
Metabolic signalling24 records
- ExenatideKnowledge reference
- SemaglutideKnowledge reference
- TirzepatideKnowledge reference
- LiraglutideKnowledge reference
- AICARClean-sport reference
- RetatrutideClean-sport reference
- Cagrilintide / CagriSemaClean-sport reference
- 5-AMINO-1MQClean-sport reference
- Dulaglutide, lixisenatide and pramlintideKnowledge reference
- OrforglipronKnowledge reference
- GlucagonKnowledge reference
- SetmelanotideKnowledge reference
- Metreleptin (Myalepta)Knowledge reference
- TesofensineKnowledge reference
- Enlicitide decanoate (Lipfendra)Knowledge reference
- EcnoglutideKnowledge reference
- Insulin and insulin analoguesClean-sport reference
- BAM15Clean-sport reference
- SR9009 and SR9011Clean-sport reference
- MeldoniumClean-sport reference
- TrimetazidineClean-sport reference
- SurvodutideClean-sport reference
- Maridebart cafraglutide (MariTide)Clean-sport reference
- EloralintideClean-sport reference
Tissue and immune signalling17 records
- AHK-CuKnowledge reference
- GHK-Cu (copper peptide)Knowledge reference
- VIP (aviptadil)Knowledge reference
- CartalaxClean-sport reference
- BPC-157Clean-sport reference
- TB-500Clean-sport reference
- Thymosin beta-4Clean-sport reference
- ARA-290 (cibinetide)Clean-sport reference
- KPVClean-sport reference
- LL-37Clean-sport reference
- Teriparatide and abaloparatideKnowledge reference
- AfamelanotideKnowledge reference
- Acetyl hexapeptide-8 (Argireline)Knowledge reference
- Ac-SDKPKnowledge reference
- Palmitoyl pentapeptide (Matrixyl)Knowledge reference
- Growth factors and growth-factor modulatorsClean-sport reference
- Larazotide (AT-1001)Clean-sport reference
Mitochondria and cellular ageing5 records
- SS-31 (elamipretide)Knowledge reference
- FOXO4-DRIClean-sport reference
- MOTS-cClean-sport reference
- HUMANINClean-sport reference
- EpitalonClean-sport reference
Neural signalling11 records
- SemaxKnowledge reference
- SelankKnowledge reference
- CerebrolysinKnowledge reference
- Pinealon and the Khavinson bioregulatorsKnowledge reference
- PE-22-28Clean-sport reference
- DihexaClean-sport reference
- DSIPClean-sport reference
- Noopept (GVS-111)Knowledge reference
- Piracetam and other racetamsKnowledge reference
- Modafinil and armodafinilKnowledge reference
- P21 (P021)Clean-sport reference
Thymic peptides3 records
- Thymosin alpha-1 (thymalfasin)Knowledge reference
- Thymalin and thymogenKnowledge reference
- ThymulinKnowledge reference
Reproductive signalling9 records
- PT-141 (bremelanotide)Knowledge reference
- Oxytocin (nasal and injected)Knowledge reference
- ProstamaxClean-sport reference
- KISSPEPTINClean-sport reference
- Melanotan IIClean-sport reference
- Follitropin alfa and menotropins (FSH and hMG)Knowledge reference
- GonadorelinClean-sport reference
- hCG and luteinizing hormoneClean-sport reference
- GnRH agonistsClean-sport reference
Pituitary and hypothalamic signalling4 records
- Vasopressin and carbetocinKnowledge reference
- Somatostatin analogues and growth-hormone-receptor antagonistsKnowledge reference
- Corticotropins (corticorelin, tetracosactide, ACTH)Clean-sport reference
- DesmopressinClean-sport reference
Red-cell and blood signalling5 records
- Erythropoietin and other erythropoiesis-stimulating agentsClean-sport reference
- Luspatercept and sotaterceptClean-sport reference
- HIF stabilisers and activatorsClean-sport reference
- Blood manipulation (M1)Clean-sport reference
- CNTO-530 and EPO-FcClean-sport reference
Hormone references
Hormones, the medicines that act on hormone axes, and the anabolic agents sport prohibits. Links marked Clean-sport lead to the restricted reference; inclusion is not a recommendation or clearance for sport.
Androgens and anabolic steroids14 records
- Testosterone (TRT)Clean-sport reference
- DHEA (prasterone)Clean-sport reference
- NandroloneClean-sport reference
- OxandroloneClean-sport reference
- OxymetholoneClean-sport reference
- StanozololClean-sport reference
- TrenboloneClean-sport reference
- BoldenoneClean-sport reference
- Metandienone (methandienone)Clean-sport reference
- ClostebolClean-sport reference
- Other named anabolic steroidsClean-sport reference
- Prohormones and designer steroids marketed as supplementsClean-sport reference
- TiboloneClean-sport reference
- Dimethandrolone and trestolone (MENT)Clean-sport reference
Other anabolic agents3 records
- ClenbuterolClean-sport reference
- Other anabolic agents on S1.2Clean-sport reference
- Beta-2 agonistsClean-sport reference
Oestrogens and menopausal hormone therapy4 records
- Oestradiol and progesterone (menopausal HRT)Knowledge reference
- Estriol, estrone and compounded ‘bioidentical’ hormone blendsKnowledge reference
- Synthetic progestogens (medroxyprogesterone, norethisterone, dydrogesterone, drospirenone)Knowledge reference
- Estetrol and conjugated oestrogensKnowledge reference
Thyroid, adrenal and corticosteroid hormones7 records
- Thyroid hormone (levothyroxine, liothyronine)Knowledge reference
- Desiccated thyroid extract (Armour Thyroid, NP Thyroid)Knowledge reference
- Tiratricol (Emcitate)Knowledge reference
- Hydrocortisone (cortisol) and ‘adrenal support’ claimsKnowledge reference
- Prednisone, dexamethasone and other glucocorticoidsKnowledge reference
- FludrocortisoneKnowledge reference
- Cortisol-synthesis inhibitors and glucocorticoid-receptor blockersKnowledge reference
Hormone-axis modulators and masking agents9 records
- Cabergoline and bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)Knowledge reference
- Finasteride and dutasteride (5-alpha-reductase inhibitors)Knowledge reference
- Anti-androgens (bicalutamide, flutamide, cyproterone, enzalutamide)Knowledge reference
- Tampering with doping-control samplesClean-sport reference
- TamoxifenClean-sport reference
- Clomifene and enclomipheneClean-sport reference
- Aromatase inhibitorsClean-sport reference
- Other anti-oestrogenic substances (SERMs and others)Clean-sport reference
- Diuretics and masking agentsClean-sport reference
Other hormones3 records
- MelatoninKnowledge reference
- Calcitonin salmonKnowledge reference
- PregnenoloneKnowledge reference
Longevity references
Medicines, compounds and supplements studied or marketed for ageing. A biological signal is not a longevity benefit; inclusion is not a recommendation.
Prescription medicine references14 records
- Metformin, longevity useKnowledge reference
- Rapamycin (sirolimus), low-dose longevity useKnowledge reference
- AcarboseKnowledge reference
- SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin)Knowledge reference
- Aspirin, low-doseKnowledge reference
- Captopril (ACE inhibitor)Knowledge reference
- StatinsKnowledge reference
- Everolimus and RTB101Knowledge reference
- JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib) as ‘senomorphics’Knowledge reference
- 17-alpha-estradiol (alfatradiol)Knowledge reference
- MeclizineKnowledge reference
- Selegiline (L-deprenyl)Knowledge reference
- PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil) in ageing researchKnowledge reference
- TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) trialKnowledge reference
Senolytics and ageing biology3 records
- Dasatinib plus quercetin (D+Q)Knowledge reference
- Klotho (protein, ‘longevity factor’)Knowledge reference
Other longevity compounds3 records
- 1,3-ButanediolKnowledge reference
- Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)Knowledge reference
- Protandim (herbal antioxidant blend)Knowledge reference
Gene and cell products2 records
- Gene doping and longevity gene therapiesClean-sport reference
- Cell and cell-component products, including mitochondriaClean-sport reference
NAD+ precursor overview1 record
- NAD+ precursors (NMN, NR) — pointerKnowledge reference
Supplement evidence31 records
- CoQ10Supplement evidence
- Fisetin and other senolyticsSupplement evidence
- GlyNAC (glycine + NAC)Supplement evidence
- NMN / NR (NAD+ precursors)Supplement evidence
- ResveratrolSupplement evidence
- SpermidineSupplement evidence
- TaurineSupplement evidence
- Urolithin ASupplement evidence
- Akkermansia muciniphilaSupplement evidence
- Alpha-ketoglutarate (calcium AKG)Supplement evidence
- Anserine (imidazole dipeptide)Supplement evidence
- ApigeninSupplement evidence
- AstaxanthinSupplement evidence
- Bacopa monnieriSupplement evidence
- BerberineSupplement evidence
- Citicoline (CDP-choline)Supplement evidence
- ErgothioneineSupplement evidence
- Glutathione (oral)Supplement evidence
- Glycine (oral)Supplement evidence
- Hyaluronic acid (oral)Supplement evidence
- Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus)Supplement evidence
- Lithium (trace lithium)Supplement evidence
- Magnesium L-threonateSupplement evidence
- MitoQ (mitoquinone)Supplement evidence
- Nicotinamide (niacinamide)Supplement evidence
- PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone)Supplement evidence
- PterostilbeneSupplement evidence
- SulforaphaneSupplement evidence
- TA-65 (cycloastragenol)Supplement evidence
- TrehaloseSupplement evidence
- Vitamin K (K1 and K2)Supplement evidence
Related infusion knowledge1 record
- NAD+ infusionKnowledge reference
Clean-sport knowledge
Prohibited compounds are explained separately, on the clean-sport page, for education only.
What the panel reads
One picture fromfive axes.
Five connected systems, read over time alongside training, sleep and body composition.
Testosterone, oestradiol, SHBG, LH, FSH
These hormones relate to reproductive health, muscle and bone. SHBG affects how much hormone is available; clinical interpretation belongs to a physician.
- These hormones do not all change in the same direction. Age, reproductive stage, energy availability and clinical history affect interpretation.
- A low result needs clinical context and, where indicated, repeat testing arranged by a physician.
- Read every twelve weeks as a trend; referred when out of range or symptomatic.
GH pulses, IGF-1 as the daytime read
Growth hormone varies through the day; IGF-1 is one clinical marker. A result cannot by itself describe recovery or determine treatment.
- Injecting or supplementing the axis is prohibited in sport and physician-only outside it; the practice reads IGF-1 and refers.
- High IGF-1 is not a target; the longevity literature ties it to its own risks.
Cortisol, DHEA-S
Fuel and inflammation on a daily rhythm; disturbed patterns follow monotony, sleep loss and life stress as much as training.
- A morning value and, where indicated, a rhythm; the pattern matters more than the number.
- Training load, sleep and the calendar provide context; a cortisol result does not identify the cause on its own.
- Anything persistently out of range is a physician’s question.
TSH, free T4, free T3
Thyroid results can change with energy intake, illness and medication. A physician distinguishes adaptation from thyroid disease.
- Read annually, and sooner in a long prep or with symptoms.
- Not on the Prohibited List, and not a physique tool; a physician’s decision for a diagnosed condition.
- Interpretation is your physician’s; the practice tracks the training response.
Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, continuous glucose
Glucose and insulin results provide metabolic context. Training, energy intake and many other factors influence body composition.
- HbA1c and glucose tests answer different clinical questions; continuous glucose data require appropriate clinical context.
- Coaching works on lean mass, aerobic fitness, sleep and composition; what glucose and insulin results mean is for your physician to interpret.
- Insulin itself is prohibited in sport without a therapeutic use exemption, and medical use belongs with a physician.
TRT and HRT
Replacement is medicine.Enhancement is not.
Testosterone replacement for a diagnosed deficiency and hormone therapy at menopause are established medicine for the right patient — a physician’s decision based on symptoms, history and condition-specific assessment, with repeat testing where indicated. A wellness-panel number alone does not determine treatment.
- In sport. Testosterone is prohibited at all times; a therapeutic use exemption is granted only for organic hypogonadism, a documented disease of the testes or pituitary, never for functional, age-related or ‘optimisation’ use. TUE processes remain the responsibility of the athlete and their federation.
- For private clients. The practice works before and around the prescription: energy availability, sleep, composition, training, and a trend of bloods the physician can act on.
- Where a physician prescribes. The practice coaches the work, reads the response and keeps the physician informed with your consent; it does not source, adjust or recommend.
- What it will never do. Present enhancement as replacement, for anyone.
What the practice does instead
The levers that movehormones legally.
Training, food, sleep and recovery are the coaching tools. The re-test tracks your response.
- Sleep: a regular window, seven nights a week; a foundation for recovery and consistent training.
- Energy availability: enough food for the training done; deficits that crash testosterone and thyroid are corrected, not admired.
- Composition: body-composition goals are set alongside health, fuelling and recovery.
- Heavy resistance training and aerobic fitness: selected to support strength, fitness and metabolic health.
- Alcohol, stress, monotony: counted and programmed, alongside symptoms, sleep and the clinical context.
- The re-test: compare agreed markers at twelve weeks alongside symptoms and training response.
Where the practice stands
Explain. Measure.Refer. Never prescribe.
EVOX reads and explains your bloods, tracks what training, sleep and nutrition do to them, and refers anything clinical to your physician.
Peptide-therapy certification and anti-doping education are listed on About; the clinical boundaries below apply.
The boundary, in five lines
- No prescribing, recommending or sourcing — for any client, at any fee.
- For a tested athlete the subject is closed: nothing on the Prohibited List is ever discussed as an option.
- For a private client under a physician’s care, the practice reads training and bloods and keeps the physician informed, with consent.
- Every laboratory value outside range is referred, in writing, the same day.
- Everything here is education; clinical interpretation belongs to your physician.
Why no, for tested athletes
Strict liabilityhas no footnotes.
The laboratory
Anti-doping laboratories test for prohibited substances and metabolites; the Athlete Biological Passport also reads patterns.
Contamination
A permitted supplement from an untested source can carry a prohibited one. Strict liability means the athlete answers, not the seller, the friend or the coach.
The career
An anti-doping violation can lead to sanctions and career consequences. No physique goal justifies the risk.
NADA India. Check Know Your Medicine and ask your team doctor first; a name it does not find is not permission. NADA India: Know Your Medicine · NADA India: Athlete Toolkit.
People ask
Straight answers,on the record.
No. The practice does not prescribe, recommend or source, for any client at any fee; it explains, measures and refers.
To read the literature competently and know exactly where the line is. The certificate, from the Human Longevity Institute, is on the About page.
Yes, if you are not drug-tested or hold a valid therapeutic use exemption: the practice reads the response and the bloods and keeps your physician informed, with consent. Without a TUE, a tested athlete cannot be coached on it.
No. Semaglutide and tirzepatide are approved medicines, not on the Prohibited List, though WADA’s Monitoring Program watches use; a physician’s decision, and the lean-mass loss is real.
Do not assume it is permitted because the List does not name it. S0 covers non-approved substances; clinical questions belong to your physician.
Under strict liability, the tested athlete is responsible for what enters their body.
The levers above, measured again at twelve weeks.
Sources & further reading (10)
- WADA Prohibited List 2026 — summary of changes (UK Anti-Doping)
- Sport Integrity Australia — peptides and the List
- USADA — prohibited-peptide reference
- USADA — GLP-1 drugs and the Monitoring Program
- USADA — testosterone TUE checklist (organic hypogonadism only)
- US FDA — bulk substances that may present significant safety risks in compounding (2023, updated 2026)
- US FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, July 2026
- Athletics Integrity Unit — understanding the Prohibited List and the Monitoring Program
- Global DRO — check a medication’s status by country and sport
- WADA ADEL — anti-doping education platform
Discuss the coaching context
Bring the question.Get the honest answer.
The free discovery call is twenty minutes on video, to discuss your training, nutrition and recovery. Clinical questions are referred to your physician in writing.